Adsorption - CCUS Terms

Description:
Adsorption is a process in which molecules of a gas or liquid adhere to the surface of a solid material (adsorbent). Unlike absorption, which involves the entire volume of the absorbing material, adsorption occurs only at the surface.

Explanation:
In the context of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), adsorption is utilized to capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) from industrial emissions or ambient air. This process is particularly useful in scenarios where CO₂ concentration is low, and traditional absorption methods may be less effective. Here’s how adsorption works and its importance within the broader CCUS framework:

• Carbon Capture. During adsorption, CO2 molecules adhere to the surface of solid adsorbents packed in columns through either physical or chemical interactions. Physical adsorption involves weak Van der Waals forces, while chemical adsorption involves covalent or ionic bonding, which is stronger and more selective.
• Utilization. Captured CO2 can be released from the adsorbent by reducing the pressure or increasing the temperature in a process known as desorption. The recovered CO2 can then be utilized in various applications, such as in the production of chemicals, materials, or even as a feedstock for algae cultivation, contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Storage. After its capture and possible utilization, CO2 can be transported to permanent storage sites where it is injected deep underground, for instance in depleted oil fields or saline aquifers, effectively removing it from the atmosphere and mitigating its impact on climate change.

Advantages:
Adsorption helps reduce GHG emissions by capturing CO₂ from industrial processes and power plants, supporting international climate goals and commitments like the Paris Agreement, provides a cost-effective method for capturing CO₂ from low-concentration sources, reducing costs and promoting profitability of businesses and industries involved in CO₂ capture, and builds public trust and acceptance of CCUS projects through clear and transparent processes, ensuring community support and participation.

Challenges:
Implementing adsorption technologies can be technically complex and require significant expertise, making sound science and engineering principles crucial for success, while securing sufficient funding and resources, navigating regulatory requirements, and overcoming market barriers are essential for the success of adsorption initiatives, necessitating adequate investment and clear, supportive policies.

In summary, Adsorption is essential for promoting the development and deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage technologies. By capturing CO₂ emissions from various sources, adsorption helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change.