Carbon Sequestration - CCUS Terms

Description:
Carbon Sequestration refers to the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a stable and long-term form to prevent it from being released into the atmosphere. This process can be achieved through various methods, including biological, geological, and chemical means, and is a critical component of strategies to mitigate climate change.

Explanation:
In the context of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), carbon sequestration plays a crucial role as the final step in ensuring that captured CO₂ is securely stored and does not re-enter the atmosphere. Here’s how carbon sequestration works and its importance within the broader CCUS framework:

• Carbon Capture. The initial step in carbon sequestration involves capturing CO2 from sources such as power plants, industrial facilities, or directly from the air. This captured CO2 is then prepared for transport to a storage site. Technologies used for capturing CO2 include amine scrubbing, membrane separation, and direct air capture (DAC).
• Utilization. Before being sequestered, captured CO2 can be utilized in various applications to create economic value. This includes converting CO2 into synthetic fuels, chemicals, or building materials. Utilization not only helps offset the costs of capture but also reduces the overall carbon footprint of these products.
• Storage. The primary focus of carbon sequestration is the long-term storage of CO2, achievable through several methods. Geological sequestration involves injecting captured CO2 into deep underground rock formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers, where it is stored in porous rock layers beneath impermeable cap rocks that prevent its escape. Mineralization entails reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals to form stable carbonates, a process that can occur naturally or be engineered to accelerate the reaction. Biological sequestration enhances natural processes like afforestation, reforestation, and soil carbon storage, increasing the capacity of forests, soils, and other ecosystems to absorb and store CO2.

Advantages:
Carbon sequestration offers several advantages: it mitigates climate change by capturing and storing CO2, preventing it from contributing to global warming and supporting international climate goals and commitments like the Paris Agreement. Economically, it optimizes resource use and reduces waste, leading to cost savings and improved operational efficiency, which enhances the sustainability and profitability of businesses and industries. Additionally, demonstrating a commitment to carbon sequestration enhances an organization's reputation and ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations, building trust and providing a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Challenges:
Implementing and maintaining carbon sequestration projects can be expensive, requiring significant investment in technology and infrastructure. The process involves complex technologies that demand specialized knowledge and expertise. Additionally, regulatory uncertainty due to changes in policy and regulatory frameworks can create instability, impacting long-term planning and investment in carbon sequestration initiatives.

In summary, Carbon Sequestration is a critical component of the broader Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage strategy. It involves the secure and long-term storage of captured CO₂, preventing its release into the atmosphere. By integrating carbon sequestration into CCUS practices, we can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impact of climate change, contributing to global sustainability efforts.