Deep Saline Aquifers - CCUS Terms

Description:
Deep Saline Aquifers are underground layers of porous rock saturated with saline water, typically located at depths greater than 800 meters. These formations can store large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) injected into them.

Explanation:
In the context of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), deep saline aquifers are considered a significant option for the long-term storage of captured CO₂. Here’s how deep saline aquifers work and their importance within the broader CCUS framework:

• Carbon Capture. CO2 captured from industrial processes or power generation is transported to sites with deep saline aquifers. Although these aquifers do not directly participate in the capture phase, their role begins immediately after the CO2 is captured and ready for sequestration.
• Utilization. While deep saline aquifers are primarily used for storage rather than utilization, the secure sequestration of CO2 contributes indirectly to the broader goals of CCUS by enabling more sustainable industrial processes. The confidence in reliable storage options like deep saline aquifers can encourage more investments in CCUS technologies and carbon capture initiatives.
• Storage. Deep saline aquifers serve as long-term CO2 storage in the CCUS process due to their natural properties: porous rock allows CO2 infusion and dispersal, saline water keeps CO2 in a supercritical state for enhanced stability, and an impermeable cap rock prevents its upward migration, ensuring containment.

Advantages:
Storing CO₂ in deep saline aquifers helps reduce GHG emissions by preventing CO₂ from reaching the atmosphere, supporting international climate goals and commitments like the Paris Agreement; it provides a cost-effective method for storing large volumes of CO₂, reducing costs and promoting profitability for businesses and industries involved in CO₂ storage, while clear and transparent storage processes help build public trust and acceptance of CCUS projects, ensuring community support and participation.

Challenges:
Implementing CO₂ storage in deep saline aquifers can be technically complex and require significant expertise, making sound science and engineering principles crucial for success; securing sufficient funding and resources for CO₂ storage projects can be challenging, necessitating adequate investment for the success of storage initiatives; and navigating regulatory requirements and market barriers can be difficult, requiring clear and supportive policies to foster the development and deployment of CO₂ storage technologies.

In summary, Deep Saline Aquifers are essential for promoting the development and deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage technologies. By providing a secure environment for the long-term storage of CO₂, they help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change.